Compare and contrast India and China’s population Essay

mainland mainland china and India are the two countries that mother the highest commonwealth in the knowledge domain. Both countries have realised that family planning and people realize had to happen around the 1950s for India and the 1970s for chinaware. This essay will look for to compare and contrast China and India, focusing on what the major paradoxs cladding both are, why have they both had to implement policies regarding population control, and the long-run and short-term military groups that these policies have on the two countries.The major chore concerning China is over population. Due to overpopulation, the demand for energy to light every(prenominal) house and for petrol to fuel every car is becoming withal great. With added pressure of providing for the community, more than natural resources and fossil fuels are used up. thither is also a shortage of jobs. China has a population of 1.31 million people. In 2003, the total of number of unemployed people in China was 744,320,000. The World Bank said that the total unemployment level was close to 10%, though that is in force(p) the number of people who are registered as unemployed. The real figure would be substantially greater. China is confront with, because of overpopulation, lack of space. round 137 people live on each square kilometre of Chinas territory, China ranking 71st on the valet de chambres list of the countries with the highest population densities.The world average is 43 people per square kilometre, making China iii times the average figure. Also a pressing issue is the suppose of poverty in China, (due to the recent focus on a modern type of capitalism, on that point are marked contrasts amongst rich and poor). The UN fare and Agriculture Organisation states that thither is ample food to feed the population. The problem lies then in how tellingly the food is distributed. There is also a severe lack of adequate education. In recent years, literacy locates h ave drastically decreased. Illiteracy for persons aged 15 and over for 1990 was 22.2% and for 2000 it was 8.7%. In 1964 the illiteracy measures for college and university were 0.5%, and in 1990 they were 1.6%.Read AlsoGood Topics for a oppose and Contrast EssayIndia faces a great deal the same problems, though as the worlds abundantst democracy (population-wise) the demeanor that the presidential term goes about everyday things is quite an different. Contrary to Chinas system of equally dividing wages and food, the Indian population have to work for themselves. As with China, India is suffering the brunt of overpopulation, shortage of jobs, decrease of natural resources, decreasing literacy range, and a populationdensity level rivalling Chinas.After the Chinese Cultural Revolution, once Mao Zedong had assumed power, he introduced a Five Year Plan that ran from 1958-1963 which was known as The slap-up Leap Forward. This vision failed and resulted in widespread starvation, be ing the worlds worst man-make famine. The death toll is estimated 30 million. Maos following philosophical system was that the more people, the stronger we are. Families were encouraged to have as many barbarianren as possible, and an uncontrolled population boom resulted. China did not have the economy or the resources to advocate such a large population.Once Maos reign finished, the new chairman, Den Xiaoping, introduced line planning to China, launching the law which stated that there give the axe moreover be wizard claw per couple, with some exceptions, such as if the initiatory child was disabled and/or a girl, or if the couple lived in a rural area. This policy has been implemented in several ways. Incentives for that having hotshot child occur, such as free education, better wellness care, and promotions at work and bigger houses. On the flip side, disincentives occur for people who are adamant on having more than one child. Such disincentives acknowledge demoti ons and fines, which can be four times a yearly wage. oblige sterilizations and mandatory abortions occur, in some cases as late as 8 months gestation. Since China is a communist country, community pressure is strong, not solitary(prenominal) pressure from the community but also pressure from the government. This pressure makes having one child seem to be a better option. National advertise campaigns encouraging the one child policy are commonplace.Around the 1950s, India was the start country to officially establish a family planning program. This program made birth control information to become more readably available. Indias government saw big families leading to continued poverty, and poverty impeding economic progress. Just as with China, India saw foresaw that the country would not be able to feed the masses of people, and the country would eventually use up all of its resources and the population would ultimately breed themselves out of existence. Up until the 1970s, the government used no aggressive force to promote the use of contraceptives or sterilisations. They increased medical care and access to hospitals, and provided education for family planning. Inthe 1970s the government declared India to be in a state of jot. Medical workers went out into the slums and poorer regions of India and forcibly sterilised women. The medics were rewarded for how many women they were able to sterilise.An effect that the one child policy has had on China is the improvement of the economy. When there was a larger population than there is now, the economy was suffering. Since the one child policy has had time to take effect, the population has shrunk and the economy can support the population. A negative effect that this policy has had on the Population is that there is an uneven balance of boys and girls. Female infanticide is more frequent, as are feminine abortions, because it is the common thought that males and prized more highly than females.Another proble m faced is the little emperor contemporaries. This generation is comprised of spoiled children that their parents have over-indulged. It is worried that this generation will have poor social communication and cooperation skills since they are the only child at home. There is also the One-Two-Four problem. This long-term effect says that one adult child supports two parents and four grandparents. This leaves the largest group dependant on retirement funds, the state of the family for support. To combat this problem, a couple who are both only children are allowed to have two children.The Indian population whitethorn have recognised the seriousness of their actions on the environment and their economy, but they can still do more. The government should follow Chinas suit, say their foot down and make a laws about having one child per couple. It would be fair to say that India does not have a law, just advice. So far, the countrys policies have seemed to been ineffective. In the next fraction a century, India will have overtaken China is the population ladder and it may seem like there is no stopping it. Actually, Indias rate of population is dropping. In 1991 Indias annual population call downth rate was 2.15% and by 1997 this figure dropped to 1.7%. This means that India is actually making progress in population control.India and China are similar in their preference for sons, and it is so deeply ingrained in their culture that it is impossible to remove. Sons are morehighly regarded because not only do they help working on the family farm, but they support their parents in their one-time(a) age. Similar views are held by the Chinese, where sons are considered luckier than daughters. In Chinese culture, the sons take care of his parents in their old age and the daughter looks after her in-laws in their old age. Since there is such a desire to have sons, similarly to China, the Indian population has a lack of females. Slightly higher female infant mortality rates are due to abortions of female foetuses, and female infanticide.The main difference between India and China is that India is the worlds largest Democratic country, whereas China is the worlds largest Communist country. Through looking at what the government has tried to do with controlling the birth rate, it is clear that China is much more effective on account of they are a communist country and that effects how they can go to any lengths without having the fear of losing popularity for since it is a communist country, there is no voting. India on the other hand cannot use as much force because the government has to be voted in by the people.In conclusion, China, as the worlds largest communist country, is able to enforce obligate sterilization, and forced abortions, without fear of being voted out or losing popularity. This, in a way is more effective than India, whose democratic approach is ineffective because it is not enforce as strictly. If China had of continued und er Maos philosophy of the more people, the stronger we are, and had not put in place population control, China would have used up all of their natural resources and would not have been able to support their crippling population. So is the same with India. If India continues to grow at the rate that it has been growing, India will suffer environmentally and economically. India is similar to China in their few that sons are better than daughters, and female infanticide and female abortion.Bibliographyhttp//www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci/nov2001/421.pdfhttp//orpheus.ucsd.edu/chinesehistory/pgp/ho.htmhttp//countrystudies.us/india/34.htmhttp//www.columbia.edu/bcp26/web-pages/consequences.htmlhttp//www.colby.edu/ ad hominem/t/thtieten/Famplan.htmChina, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1991 edn, , Cambridge, vol. 15th, pp. 36.