Class I Railroad and Teacher Essay

Any other day in school was the same, going to class going to lunch and going home that was until I saw my schedule change. I was a bit shy not knowing what to expect from my new classes and what were they going to be like. When I come into my new class I felt scared, it was like a western movie, when a cowboy walk into a bar and its dead silence nothing but eyes staring at me and not in a good way. I was put in Mr. U Jimenez classroom. After a couple of days in the class it was still harsh but it was getting better for me. It was fun on some days and that’s when I knew I was getting along with others. Eventually I caught up and was right on track. In my new class the first few things I did was stay calm, be happy and try to go along with others. The first day of my class was towards the end of the first trimester. It was crazy knowing I had to start a new trimester in a different class; it was crazy because when the teacher would send a student out with him the class will go nuts because they had â€Å"free time† and got away from class work for a couple of minutes. After a couple of days in the class it just went from a fun class to a disaster. I’m not such a fast writer and well when it came to taking notes in Mr.  U Jimenez class it wasn’t so good for me. I wrote as fast as I could but unfortunately I wasn’t fast enough. Before I could finish my notes the power point would change and both the class and I wouldn’t have a chance to finish. On the first day of class I also witnessed that the teacher called five different student parents for bad behavior. Knowing that the first day was like this I thought a lot about what the rest of the school year would be like. People feel many different ways on their first few day of class. I felt that in the first few days of being in the class were ok but then the other few days of class weren’t. I felt afraid of my teacher at first because of how strict he was. I also dislike yelling and people telling my parents bad news about me. In some occasions (not to be crazy) I wanted to strangle Mr. U Jimenez and maybe a couple of the other kids because of how annoying they are but I’m only thirteen and well I don’t want to go to jail so I decided to put up with my feelings towards that class and just do as well as I could. However my teacher does have some kind moments and rewards us with candy. The class can be fun like the poem project I did. I enjoyed doing that, we had some good times expressing urselves, getting created, and getting to know my classmates a little more in class. I felt many different reactions in class. Some days I was pretty happy in class and other times I was pretty annoyed and wanted to leave or scared. It would be fun because the teacher was cool on some days. Once in a while the class would get to play who wants to be a millionaire or some educational activity. I’d have a good time in the class joking around with my friends. On other days it’s pretty annoying because my teacher would be mean. He calls my mom in front of the whole class and it’s pretty embarrassing. When my teacher keeps us in class it’s because a student has lost one of his many pen, he wants back. When we do activities in the class and when it comes to questions I react in a shy way and stay quiet and hope he doesn’t pick me. If the class is crazy for a long time it won’t stay that way for long. I’d be kind of surprised and scared because Mr. U Jimenez yells and says shut it and sit down in our seats. Soon were back to taking fast notes and listening to lessons all over again. My reactions toward school were never really exciting anyways. My behavior has changed thorough Mr. U Jimenez class. When I came to his class my behavior hasn’t change but I had to try now and then. At first I felt scared and a bit shy so I don’t think my behavior was too bad but after a while I felt comfortable. When I started feeling comfortable in class I was a bit crazy at some points. I now I’m lazy because I don’t want to do my work or pay attention but I don’t think I’m as lazy anymore. I know I need to pass my class so I try a little harder now. When Mr. U Jimenez gets mad we all get mad, even though he is always in a grumpy mood. Sometimes when he’s mad I don’t really understand him he says things that don’t make sense; well to me that is and again he starts to call parents sometimes he does it randomly too. I know I don’t like it when he calls my mom. Neither my mom and I like my teacher’s calls but its best for her to know that I’m not doing so well in class so I can improve better and try harder, when Mr. U Jimenez calls or sends papers talk about my behavior in class nor missing assignments my mom doesn’t give me my allowance and she takes my we and my TV, my mom would just start to tell me all these things about school to do better and improve my grades. Sometimes I forget Mr. U Jimenez name and call him (fat teacher) not to be mean Mr. U Jimenez but I’m trying to behave myself. There were many things I felt when I started my new class. I had so many things going through my mind. I was thinking about how I would feel, my reactions, my behavior and what it would be like. When it was a no teacher zone the students would get pretty crazy. On some days the teacher would scary me and annoy me so I would know my reaction for the day until I got out of class. Some days were better than others like the games we play and the activities that we would do. It would be cool when we play games because for the people that won they’d get rewarded with candy. My behavior has changed in my classroom and I’ve gotten use to my class. Now all I ‘m trying to do is to pass Mr. U Jimenez class so I can go to High School and pass science or my mom will kill me and send me to summer school. If I don’t pass I can’t go to San Francisco on our Vacation Mr. U Jimenez I know that I’m not one of your best students but I’m trying my mom always keep on saying u are smart I can do anything if I just try hard and pay attention and listen like I’m with math I just don’t know it till don’t come out of me still.

Concept Of Morality Essay

Examples a. Moral – protect the weak, stand up for the downtrodden, love everyone as much as you can and more every day, jump on any and all opportunities to save an innocent life, do your best to live up to your potential for the betterment of the world. Doing what is right because it is right, feeding a starving child, giving your coat to a homeless person, taking foster children and caring for them well, standing for what you know is right. 2. Amoral does not concern with any moral standard. Examples a. Amoral – chew gum, play baseball, speak French, swim in the ocean, jump in a puddle, not caring if something is right or wrong. Driving, shooting a gun, internet, reading, watching TV 3. Immoral does not act in conformity with accepted principles. Examples a. Immoral – murder for profit, treat people as tools for your advancement in business, betray your word, make decisions based on vengeance, initiate non-consensual sex, cheating on the stock market, lying maliciously, stealing, drag racing in the community at 11pm or early morning, murder, incest, doing another’s homework Different definitions of Morality a. Morality is a response to God’s incredible, freely given love and His gift of salvation offered to us through our Lord Jesus. b. Morality is a science, concerned about what ought to be , judging right from wrong in the light of revelation, one’s act of responsibility, and responding to all personal invitation of Jesus. c. Morality is searching for the norms (standards) of free human conduct in the light of revelation. d. Morality is how humans relate to or treat one another to promote mutual welfare, growth and meaning in striving for good over bad and right over wrong. e. Morality is a system or principles by which we can determine if our conduct is right or wrong, these moral ways of acting are found through our good sense. B. DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF MAN Who is man? Karl Marx: Man is controlled by the economic organization of society. Charles Darwin: Life evolves from simple to complex form through an evolutionary process. Man struggled for existence. B. F. Skinner: All human actions are actually the result of stimuli from our environment and no person can act out of his own will. Freedom may only appear to be so because the external forces which control our action are not noticeable. Signum Freud: Man is controlled by instinct. We are not creature of reason but of instinct, particularly sexual instinct and the instinct of self-preservation. Martin Heidegger: man is the past, the present and the future. Time is an important element in the life of man. Christians: Christians are those who decide their own course of life because they know that â€Å"not to decide is to decide. † The Christians relate positively towards others because they have accepted in faith the Word of God. Passages: The dignity of the human person is rooted in his creation in the image and likeness of God; it is fulfilled in his vocation to divine beatitude. By his reason, man recognizes the voice of God which urges him to do what is good and avoid what is evil. Everyone is obliged to follow the law, which makes itself heard in conscience and is fulfilled in the love of God and neighbor. Living a moral life bears witness to the dignity of the person. -from the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Man though made of body and soul, is a unity. Through his bodily condition, he sums up in himself the elements of the material world. Through Jesus, man is brought to the highest perfection and can raise his voice in praise freely given to the Creator. Man is obliged to regard his body as good and to hold it in honor since God has created it and will raise it up on the last day. -from the Vatican II, Church in the Modern World.

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion - Assignment Example The benefits of maximizing health and safety for the workforce as well as the organization include improved productivity of workers, improved psychological and emotional well-being of workers, and their increased motivation. The beneficial effects of maximizing the health and safety of the workforce become evident in terms of achievement of organizational goals, expansion and growth of business, and increased profitability for all. Organizations can promote the health, fitness, and psychological adaptation of their employees in a variety of ways. For example, the organization should disallow smoking in the office. This would not only keep other employees safe, but would also discourage the smokers from smoking which might drive them out of this habit. The organizations should provide the workforce with only healthy meals as snacks and for lunch. Workers would only drink soft-drinks if they would be available at the cafeteria. Organizations can substantially control their workers’ eating and drinking habits by carefully deciding the menu. The psychological adaptation of workers can be increased with thoughtful design of jobs, leadership approaches, organizational culture, and organizational policies. Generally, organizations should try to develop and foster a culture wherein employees think of the organization as their second home, and where they live and work together like a family, where seniors should be respected and juniors should be loved, and where leaders work in close collaboration with the followers rather than maintaining distance from them. Major sources of stress for me at work include but are not limited to overburden of work, lack of sufficient resources, unrealistic expectations of the boss, lack of a cooperative team, and racism and bullying. I have observed that many people feel stressed on jobs because of these or

Philosophical and Sociological aspects of crime and punishment Term Paper

Philosophical and Sociological aspects of crime and punishment - Term Paper Example gy on crime argues that neither a state nor a society is able to exist without regulations as he states, without law there lacks a state or a society. In this case, the law forms an imperative foundation to a society and thus enforcing a law means the protection of the society. Any individual who violates the law tends to lose the right of being a member of the society and is against social order, and as are result must be punished (Murphy, 1994). The philosophical reflection on punishment assists criminologists, sociologists, and penologist to acknowledge the rehabilitative effects of programs prevalent in prisons. Kant offers invaluable knowledge in relation to the realm of punishment and crime. According to the proponent, punishment is validated if the criminal has committed a crime. Many theories contrast this argument, for instance, and the Utilitarian approach demonstrates that punishment is vindicated by the good it brings to the community. In Kant’s view, the utilitarian theory is implausible in various ways. He believes that the theory treats offenders as means to the good of others and that the theory might punish innocent lives due to the good it passes to the society. To Kant, this is a sort of injustice, and in reference to his argument, he states how much the offenders should be punished. The offense committed by the offender should equal the punishment given to the criminal (Murphy, 1994). Kant’s retributive theory associated with punishment asserts that retribution is not justified by any good outcome, but by the offender’s guilt. Offenders must pay for their criminal activities; otherwise unfairness as occurred. Consequently, the punishment given to the offender must fit the crime committed and thus the punishment for taking the life of another individual is equivalent to the death of the murderer (Ripstein, 2009). Therefore, punishment must be administered at all times because an individual has committed a crime. According to Kant

Organizational culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organizational culture - Essay Example Thus effective leadership requires accomplishment and influencing. Leadership requires trust and commitment of others, which they can achieve through their own behavior and integrity. Leaders create and deal with change; leadership requires vision, direction, strategies, motivation and inspiring. The model of leadership developed by Kouzes and Posner is known as The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership. These qualities include modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, challenging the process, enabling others to act and encouraging the heart (Wiley, 2000). Developing and inspiring a shared vision requires leadership because it has to be realistic and credible (Nahata, 2001). If the vision is shared, the individuals can find their own roles, which contribute to their personal and professional growth. The strength of a leader lies in his ability to inspire others to give their best. For instance, there is always a resistance to change in the face of environmental pressure and uncertainty when it is caused by the organization culture, says Schein (Lakomski, 2001). A leader plays a crucial role in such cases where he has to inspire them to understand and accept the vision or the corporate goals. The individuals have to be inspired to deal with the external and internal environment. The leader can transform the current stagnating culture into a productive culture. When the resistance to change appears to be non-rational, the dynamics of culture have to be understood. The leader would first need to unfreeze the old assumptions after which c ognitive restructuring takes place. Thereafter refeezing takes place which means that changed behaviors and new assumptions become embedded and reinforced as the new culture through which the organization can solve the problems. In this change model, the role of the leader in managing change becomes

Effect of cancer medical research on tobacco industry Case Study

Effect of cancer medical research on tobacco industry - Case Study Example One of the possible solutions to the industry is selling tobacco products to the young people and women. As noted by WHO (2008) early smokers start as early as the age of 10. Therefore as the tobacco industry faces a lot of challenges, they are compelled to majorly target the youths and women in the society. Teenagers are assumed to be the potential future consumers of tobacco because they are greatly impressionable and in most communities, they have the significant amount of money at their disposal (Mackay & Eriksen, 2002). For this reason, they are easily impressed by any company where the consumption and brand of products are good. Despite many of the tobacco industry’s products killing many customers and forcing others to quit, they make sure they have a new target to consume their products. This is why they go for the young people since they will take a longer span before dying or eventually quitting hence increasing chances of continued salesGenerally, women smoke less t han the potential smokers; men. It is dangerous to the unborn but still, tobacco industry considers women as the untapped group which if tapped can increase and improve its consumption than in men. Hence, unchecked and their greatest motive being profit making, tobacco industries in considerably targets the children and women whom they believe can increase the likelihood of continued sales. Recently, the danger imposed to people’s health by tobacco intake has been confirmed and since they knew this long time ago, but have been attempting not to disclose this research (Mackay & Eriksen, 2002). Other nations, for instance, US have always had the political will and resources to deal with the tobacco’s large corporations. However, rich countries that have smaller but tougher markets have made multinational firms dealing with tobacco to intensify their efforts in different regions especially Asia to keep up the growth and selling of cigarettes alongside expanding advertisement to increase a level of demand if not to meet it completely.

OSHA Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

OSHA - Term Paper Example This memorandum contains information regarding the effective ways of handling this problem and outlines the most appropriate strategy to be used. The most effective course of action recommended is the execution of laws regarding chemical exposure in the workplace and activation of occupational health and safety programs in different companies. Background Hazards in the workplace have through time affected workers in different industries. These hazards could either be chemical, physical, biological or psychological. For example in the construction industry, statistics show that the rate of fatalities among the construction workers in three times that of all other workers in the US. Construction workers are mainly affected by physical accidents such as falls and inadequacy of proper safety equipment (Occupational Safety and Health Standards for the Construction Industry 18). Even in the availability of safety equipment, the collapse of building due to lack of proper inspection or the f oundations also increases fatalities. Workers in the agricultural sector are commonly affected by biological and chemical hazards. This takes place during the application of pesticides on the plants, due to noise and exposure to the sun excessively. They are also susceptible to physical hazards caused by machinery used in the farm. In America, fatal agricultural injuries are mainly caused by the rolling over of tractors. The rate of accidents in the workplace has increased over the years mainly due to the current use of machinery which easily injures workers. Key Issues to be Addressed One of the major issues to be addressed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration is the absence of laws and regulations that ensure thorough inspection of the workplace in order to ensure that they are secure for individuals to work in. For example in the mining industry, inspections done on the land being mined are not enough to ensure that the mining field is not susceptible to fires cau sed by methane production (Mendeloff 58). The lands could also collapse in case of an earthquake and as such many fatalities are caused by such accidents. Equipment in different industries are inspect from time to time. However, the frequency of inspection should be increased to avoid losing more lives and more human capital to accidents in the work place. Another major issue to be addressed is the absence of occupation health and safety programs in different companies. This program is effective in training individuals on how to care for their safety and to avoid accidents in the workplace. Many companies avoid having this program as it involves the hiring of new employees thus increasing the cost of production. In the absence of the program, employees are not made aware of their employment rights and further than that they are not aware of how to act in case of accidents in the workplace. Employees further are not aware of what is expected of them in the work environment in relatio n to their safety and the general safety of the company. Solutions to these Issues A solution to the absence of laws and regulations is to design and enforce policies that address various problems faced by workers in different fields. For example, laws should be passed to ensure that frequent inspections are carried out in different industries depending on the frequency of accidents to take place in the particular area. Inspections

Why did Woodrow Wilson criticise the 'old diplomacy' What were the Essay

Why did Woodrow Wilson criticise the 'old diplomacy' What were the main ingredients of the 'new diplomacy' that emerged after the First World War - Essay Example The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic relations defines the rights and immunity of diplomats. International diplomacy by professional diplomats aims at achieving peaceful agreements and solutions to international debates or conflicts like war, trade, human rights, and leadership. Indeed, diplomacy fosters international relations and world peace. International policies, respect for the parties and set rules and codes of ethics governs the diplomatic process. Additionally, diplomacy will follow a given strategy and may involve incentives to lure the support or input of parties. Cultures, level of education, and positional power have a direct impact on the process of diplomacy. Diplomacy adopts different forms depending on the level of application. Bilateral diplomacy involves two nations with common interests. Multilateral diplomacy involves more than two parties and can be preventive diplomacy, developmental diplomacy, war diplomacy and public diplomacy. The phases of diplomacy include envoys diplomacy, residential diplomacy, conference diplomacy, and organisational diplomacy (Galtung and Ruge, 1965, p.102). However, it takes time to accomplish a diplomatic mission and hence some parties result to war and sanctions when conflicts arise. Diplomacy has considerably changed with technology, growth of intellectual capacities, human rights advocacy, rise in democracy, and the experience of world war. The growth of humanity to an international figure has led to interdependence between nations that require an institution to define existence of a sober relationship. This growth has led to changes from where parties meet when necessary to institutionalized diplomacy, which involves permanent diplomacy and diplomacy at regular intervals The ‘old diplomacy’ existed before the First World War while the ‘new diplomacy’ exists after the First World War. The old diplomacy has faced many critics while compared to the new diplomacy. This paper will

Greenwich Peninsula Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Greenwich Peninsula - Essay Example It is important to understand the aspect of cultural heritage in the landscape. At the core of this discussion is the question of how landscapes may be characterized, especially the non-visual features of the landscape. Interpretations of the landscape may be different from the perspective of different assessors, depending on their knowledge and experience. Therefore, the question of restoration becomes even more difficult to resolve especially when the authentic landscape - against which to measure success and the very legitimacy of the restoration - itself are in a hiatus. Humanities and the natural sciences appear to be in conflict in the interpretation of landscapes. Cosgrove (2003) compares landscape concepts and points to an approach that could harmonize the two perspectives, ecological and semiotic, closer. Another way is to increase interdisciplinary approaches in landscape studies. The concept of the landscape already implies an interdisciplinary appreciation; its study rarely achieves levels of theoretical integration (Tress et al. 2003). A group exercise was undertaken to examine Greenwich peninsula regeneration project with this inter-disciplinary approach and to critique the work carried out on this development. The findings of the group have been condensed into a 'group presentation' which is enclosed for reference. This essay represents an individual assessment of the Greenwich project as viewed by this writer. Choice of the Regeneration Project The group considered a number of regeneration projects currently under implementation in the UK, including the Glasshouses project, Kent coalfields, Spitalfields Market, Limestone House Education, and heritage center. Greenwich Peninsula regeneration project was selected for study, for a host of reasons, the prominent among them being: The reconstruction and regeneration of an area in the urban milieu was of special attraction to the members, especially because of the large variety and (voice) presence of the resident communities; The art and cultural background of the area; The challenge of regeneration in an area that has existed for centuries and has its own and special 'landscape'; and The proximity of the area. Description of the Development work In 1997, English Partnerships purchased a 300-acre site on the Greenwich peninsula and has invested 225 million to develop the site as a 'first-millennium' community promising homes to 28,000 people and deliver over 25,000 jobs. In all a quality of life that meets the expectations and challenges of the 21st century. The Greenwich Peninsula is being developed by Lend Lease and Quintain Estates and Development PLC in the joint venture under the name and style of Meridian Delta Limited, chosen by English Partnerships and the UK government to lead London's single largest regeneration scheme. The area has a rich history and has many listed buildings, monuments and places of historical interest.  

Spinal Stenosis Essay Example for Free

Spinal Stenosis Essay False teachers were saying that self-control was not needed because deeds do not help the believers anyway. Peter continued to encourage believers to remain strong in their faith, by condemning the false teachers and defending the Parousia doctrine and difficulties of the last days. quickstudy. com) John also wrote a letter to the believers to get them back on track, to show the difference between light and darkness, and to encourage the church to grow in genuine love for God and for one another. This letter was to also assure the believers of eternal life and genuine faith so they could enjoy the full benefit of their position of children of god. A second letter was written to warn believers against supporting false teachers. John also addressed the importance of Christian responsibility to support preachers and missionaries. Later John wrote a third letter addressed to Galius, the importance of hospitality, in which Galius was later commended for. Diotrephes was condemned for his lack of hospitality and wanting to take control of the church. (3 John 9:10) The sins of the church such as pride, jealousy, and slander are still present in the church. This problem had to be confronted, so that it will not continue to grow in the church. A short letter was written by Jude, who is the brother of James and half brother of Jesus†, denouncing an unidentified group of heretics and defending Christian’s traditions. (quickstudy. com) Jude illustrates attitudes from typical false teachers, which are pride, jealousy, greed, lust for power, and disregard of God’s will. Jude gives examples: 1) Cain, who murdered his brother out of vengeful jealousy (Genesis 4:1-16) 2) Balaam, who prophesied out of gre ed, not out of obedience to God’s command (Numbers 22-24). The Revelations was written by John to assure Christians the return of Christ and unveiling of hidden realities. (quickstudy. com) He denounces evil and exhorts people to high Christian standards. He offers hope rather than gloom, John was not attempting to predict the future; he was only describing what God had shown. In conclusion the letters written by Paul, Peter, John and Jude were to make the believers aware of the problems in the church. Those letters were also intended to assure Christians of triumph of Christ through the apostles and symbols. Near the end of John’s life he received a vision from God, John then recorded and wrote the book of Revelation. The Revelation was probably the last works by the church in the first century. References: Life application study bible- NIV. (2005). Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale Publishers. Niswonger, R. (1992). New Testament history. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Smith

Innovative Practices For The Coworking Movement Sociology Essay

Innovative Practices For The Coworking Movement Sociology Essay One of the grimmest predictions about the future was described by Robert Putnam in his work on social capital. He envisaged low likelihood of participation in community life, smaller groups of friends, even less happiness, and lower perceived quality of life (Putnam, 1995). Furthermore, the enthusiasts of globalization and internet predicted that since people do not have to be together in order to work together, so simply they will not be (Florida, 2003). Both of these statements are deemed fallacious when recent innovative developments like coworking spaces are considered. Instead of dividing people and further rupturing community life, they reintroduce collaboration and community building through establishing an innovative office design that is being implemented worldwide. This paper will be based on theoretical definition of social movement by Mario Diani (2000). The reasoning why this definition is the most useful will be presented in following sections. Then, Dianis (2000) defining attributes will be applied to coworking as a movement, and from this analysis, the conclusion will naturally flow that the following thesis is supported: coworking can be seen as a social movement because it satisfies its definitional elements i.e. networks of informal integration, shared beliefs and solidarity, and collective action. For the analysis of coworking, mixed methodology will be used: informal observation and interviews at three coworking spaces: betahaus Berlin, Hub Amsterdam, Coworking Cologne, and one emerging coworking space Hub Berlin. Additionally, available secondary sources will be analyzed: research and case studies present in literature, internet network data, websites, and forums. The focus will be, however, on the internet sources due to the novel ty and continuous transformations of the movement. Coworking has been present for centuries, but the first forms of collaboration appeared in the beginning of the 20th century. Artists from around the world gathered in Paris to live and work. One of the establishments, La Ruche, was created by Alfred Boucher to accommodate live/work space for artists. The place became a community and was centred on work of its residents (Jones, Sundsted, Bacigalupo, 2009). Bizzarri (2010) mentions associated offices that appeared in United States of America during the crisis of 1929. These offices gathered workers from the same or various professions working in one office as a cost-cutting strategy. She links the crisis of 1929 to the recession of 2008 as a catalyst of bourgeoning coworking spaces around the world (Bizzarri, 2010). The term coworking was first used by Bernie DeKoven in 1999 to describe virtual connectivity i.e. online tools of collaboration (DeKoven, 2000). In a context of a physical space, it was used by Brad Neuberg in 2005 (Alas, 2010) even though coworking spaces, in fact, already existed before that time. The vigorous spread of coworking did not start until the already mentioned crisis of 2008. Nowadays, it is extremely hard to assess the size of the movement with different incarnations of coworking emerging. For example, Centre for Social Innovation in Toronto was launched in 2004 and merges both coworking philosophy and multi-tenant nonprofit centre principles (Centre for Social Innovation, 2010). What exactly is coworking? It can be used in three different ways as Jones, Sundsted, and Bacigalupo (2009) state: [As] a proper noun to describe a movement the core values of coworking are A verb to describe an activity Im coworking with my friends at local cafe. An adjective to describe a space Souk is a coworking space in Portland' (p. 8). Movement Coworking movement has many principles that are shared between its members. The main value is that coworking spaces are about social connectedness, gathering, sharing, and collaborating. There are, however, a number of conditions that must be satisfied, in order for a viable coworking space to operate. Jones, Sundsted, and Bacigalupo (2009) describe it as a coworking recipe: Start with community. Blend like-minded people of different backgrounds together thoroughly. Add openness. Share ideas, thoughts, knowledge and problems in equal parts. Sprinkle collaboration on top. Ingredients will meld together to create new flavour. Add healthy amounts of sustainability. This will help maintain the recipes structure and prevent it from falling apart. Wrap in accessibility. Make sure all ingredients are given proper opportunity to interact. Enjoy! (p. 15) The movement build on such principles also is directed against isolation that streams from the type of work the coworkers are performing. Usually, it is some form of knowledge creation, data transformation, or a creative industry-related work. Sometimes, the members of the movement express unacceptability of corporate culture and its work structure (typical 9-5 jobs in artificially separated cubicles). Coworking as a movement has either outspoken or implied social change as a value. First of all, it is changing work/live relationship, and leads to sustainability in many ways. Second, the coworking members work often on projects related to social innovation and change. The honourable mention of social change-related coworking spaces is network of the Hubs (Centre for Social Innovation, 2010)Â  [2]Â  . Bizzarri (2010) underlines that one of the innovative factors of coworking is the sociality of the work and the value of relations face to face (p. 204). This aspect is crucial in coworking movement, because its enthusiasts aim at creating a thriving community rather than simply a workplace. Activity As previously mentioned, coworking incorporates individuals with mostly knowledge creation type of work and designers or artists. In most cases, they are not employed by the same organization, but sometimes small businesses are a part of a coworking space. Additionally, there is a high degree of independent work involved, but there is also a collaboration factor. People from different professions and types of work engage in dialogue, exchange ideas, and add an interesting perspective to problems defined by others, in order to create innovative ideas and become more productive. Coworking space becomes a place where unlimited intellectual resources are stored, and it multiplies ones network of professional and informal connections which is beneficial to individual work life and mental health. Various individuals have different patterns of use of coworking spaces. Freelancers sometimes need only a desk with internet connection and a telephone. Artists might need bigger space and flexibility. Some might use coworking spaces on a full-time or part-time basis, and some only for once in a while drop-in sessions. These offices also target people (so called nomad workers) who travel and frequently change their place of living so they cannot maintain an office. This initiative has also a myriad of occupations, and they include professionals from diverse sectors. Additionally, they come from different organizational structures: start-ups that cannot afford and office yet, small businesses that choose not to have own office, non-profits, freelancers, sometimes individuals that work for large companies as consultants, etc. Space The organization of the shared working environment is very important for a proper operation of a coworking office. Hibbert, Kimble, and White (2010) from the School of Architecture and Design at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee wrote an engaging manual on designing a coworking space with a number of technical pointers. In general, it should be flexible and have an open design, so it can accommodate many different events and activities through moving furniture, and separators that play a role of walls. Additionally, coworkers should have access to it at any time of day or night which sometimes is not possible due to security concerns. Coworking spaces usually have following amenities: internet, photocopy and printing, fax machines, mailbox, kitchen facilities, meeting rooms, coffee/tea machines, storage, and sometimes audio-visual equipment. Spaces at different stages of development might not have all of mentioned amenities or have more advance office equipment. Coworking spaces can accommodate members by offering them private storage place, or sometimes offer them separate office depending on the characteristics of the space. Different patterns of use mean different level of financial contribution for the maintenance of the office. Coworking spaces have a tiered system depending on the amount of time spent at the office, and sometimes the area needed for operations. Usually, coworking spaces do not make a profit, and at times they can run only with the help of grants and subsidies. Social Movement Definition A lot of social and political phenomena have been called social movements in the past, many of them not rightfully. There are so many theories that it is very difficult to pinpoint the exact definition of a social movement. Theoretical frameworks like collective behaviour, relative deprivation, resource mobilization, rational choice, political opportunity structure, new social movement, political process, and framing, all of them define social movements in diverse ways and focus on their different facets (Pickvance, 2003). Many buzz words surround the term social movement: collective action, social change, status quo, and social conflict among others. These terms are themselves difficult to define. Therefore, the plethora of ambiguities allows for calling numerous phenomena social movements, when they are really not. Mario Diani (2000) in his paper The concept of social movement analyzes four different theories in order to find a common thread between them and to arrive at all-encompassing, but yet detailed definition of the notion. The author bases his definition of collective behaviour perspective (Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian), resource mobilization theory (John McCarthy and Mayer Zald), political process approach (Charles Tilly), and new social movements theory (Alain Tourraine and Alberto Melucci). Some of these theories are contradictory in their assumptions and definitional elements. For example, Charles Tillys definition is very constrictive while it focuses on the excluded as the ones trying to get access to established polity and political process (Tilly, 1978 cited in Diani, 2000) which would be only one type of social movement according to other theories. Melluci (1977, cited in Diani, 2000), conversely, sees them as not always concurrent with political conflict, but that they might be dormant and engaged in cultural production. Diani (2000) posits that all of these theories focus on different aspects of social movements; resource mobilization theory and the political process approach look at their development rather than the causes of their emergence. New social movement theory tries to place social movements within larger structural and cultural changes (Diani, 2000). Even though these four theories might be different in certain aspects, Diani finds four common threads that all of the theories emphasize: Networks of informal interaction Shared beliefs and solidarity Collective action on conflictual issues Action which displays largely outside the institutional sphere and the routine procedures of social life (p.162) The last factor, lack of institutionalization, is disputed by Diani, who believes that some degree of institutionalism might play a role in social movements development while some movement begin in institutionalized organization or maintain the movement in a dormant stage under auspices of an institution still exerting social change and cultural production. Therefore, it is not included in the final definition. Diani presents a caveat that the institutionalization is a factor that should be closely observed because it might overpower the influence of a social movement. Additionally, an important distinction is made: while Sierra Club might be a part of an environmental social movement, itself it is not social movement and should not be regarded as such. Furthermore, political parties fulfill the requirements of Dianis definition, but he underlines that they act at the level of interest representation, and this functional level does not let them to be regarded as social movements. Fro m the discussion on these aspects and other implications of theoretical boundaries, Diani (2000) arrives at following definition: Social movements consist in networks of informal interaction between a plurality of individuals, groups and organizations, engaged in a political and/or cultural conflict, on the basis of a shared collective identity (p. 168). Diani (2000) disregards a number of characteristics in his definition that are usually associated with social movements i.e. extra-institutional tactics, civil unrest, disruptive political protests, use of power, etc. He claims that these aspects are simply characteristics of the varieties of social movements, and should not be included in the main and all-encompassing definition. Similar to Diani, definition of Goodwin and Jasper (2009) sees longevity of a movement more important than protests or riots: Social movements are conscious, concerted, and sustained efforts by ordinary people to change some aspect of their society by using extra-institutional means. They are more conscious and organized than fads and fashions. They last longer than a single protest or riot. There is more to them than formal organizations, although such organizations usually play a part. They are composed mainly of ordinary people as opposed to army officers, politicians, or economic elites. They are protesting against something. (Goodwin Jasper, 2009, p. 3) Therefore, the definitions are comparable and do not invalidate other theorists claims. In some degree, Goodwin and Jasper (2009) put more importance on extra-institutional means, protests, and riots; however, this does not make Dianis claims (2000) unsound, but further strengthens its validity and all-encompassing nature; in effect, this theoretical basis will be used to analyze coworking as a social movement. Urban Social Movements Urban social movements are a type of social movements that focus on structural transformation of the urban system and space (Castells, 1977 cited in Pickvance, 2003). Interest in this type of movements has been quite strong, but partially separated from the main discourse on social movements. As Pickvance (2003) discusses, urban social movements theories place emphasis on the effects rather than mobilization factors or the interaction between social movement and political systems. The intrinsic focus of urban social movements theories is the effects of various events, protests, and exposure to given principles and values. Castells (1977, cited in Pickvance, 2003) elaborates that the effects are rather seen in their potential rather than real outcomes. In other words, immediate consequences might be limited and not identifiable; however, changes in consciousness among participants and potential future support may be favourable to the viability of a social movement and the actual long term social changes. For this reason, writing on urban social movements was developing separately from the mainstream discussion on social movements, even though the main influence that contributed to its development was the rise of interest in new social movements. Pickvance (2003) elaborates: Although some writers have classed urban movements as new social movements, more usually urban movements have been categorized as an old social movement like the labour movement, because of the allegedly material character of their demands (p. 106) This typological distinction is quite important for the theoretical basis against which social movement might be tested against. It shows that social movements theories are diverse and that they describe approaches that result in dissimilar definitions. This predicament is important when discussing a given social movement that might fulfill the definitional elements of one theory and not the other. It also demonstrates that some social movement theories are developing outside the mainstream theoretical discussion, and a collective attempt at deriving a uniform definition is simply not present or still in very preliminary stages. Using Dianis definition (2000) presents a number of dangerous predicaments. It might seem too broad and all-encompassing. It puts emphasis on the common threads of the four main theories and presents relatively detailed boundaries of its definitional elements, however, there is still a degree of uncertainty and vulnerability in its possible use. Additionally, there is a tendency to use certain theories for movements with which we agree and different ones with which we disagree. In case of Diani, his definition is general, and different nuances are not accounted for in it, therefore, it might be quite unproblematic to recognize any movement or trend that resembles social movement as one of them. Application of the theoretical framework Common elements found by Dianis (2000) in the four main theories of social movements are to be examined in this section and applied to coworking as a potential social movement. Definitional nuances and evidence how coworking serves these elements are to be presented in an organized manner. First, coworking is recognized as built on the basis of networks of informal interaction. Second, shared beliefs of coworking as a movement are discussed: what they are and how they are implemented. Third, it will be shown to that extent social movements partake in collective action on conflictual issues and potential conflicts and adversaries will be identified. Finally, the relationship of the movement with institutional aspect and routine procedures of social life will be examined. Even though this last theme is not included in the final definition presented by Diani (2000), its evaluation is essential while it helps assessing coworking as a social movement against the theories that value lack o f institutionalization as an important feature of the definition. Networks of informal interaction First element of the definition concerns the relationship between its members: [it] is a network of informal interactions between a plurality of individuals, groups, and/or organizations (Diani, 2000, p. 8). All thinkers in Dianis analysis realize the importance of networks. Also Goodwin and Jasper (2009) and Castells (1977, cited in Pickvance, 2003) recognize informal interaction between people as an important requirement for a social movement. Especially, McCarthy and Zald (1977, cited in Diani, 2000) talk about different categories that characterize the organization of social movements: they mention social movement organizations, constituents, adherents, and bystander publics, all of them important members adding to the social movement. Diani (2000) characterizes this element as: Tightly clustered networks which promote the circulation of essential resources for an action (information, expertise, material resources) as well as of broader systems of meaning. Thus, networks contribute both to creating the preconditions for mobilisation and to providing the proper setting for the elaboration of specific world-views and life-styles (p. 163). Theorists in the recent time were discussing a lot about information flows in a network society. Castells (2001, cited in Bizzarri, 2010) pointed to the information and communication technologies as changing the relation between discretion and control in the organization of working. The most focus is placed on the value of knowledge, the role of knowledge as capacity of action, the openness, the mobility, the collaboration, the accumulation of social and cultural capital, the flexibility of workers to adapt their skills to different situations and jobs (Bizzarri, 2010, p. 198). Many pointed this innovativeness and its importance in workplaces. This notion is recently present everywhere, governments switch to network governance, participatory decision making, and horizontal collaboration. In this organizational setup, people from different sectors, organizations, occupations, and departments work together (citation needed somewhere here). A lot of these collaboration methods are cente red on the abilities of information and communication technologies. Coworking is based on this idea. It brings people with different experiences to a common space to work and socialize, but the technology is only a tool not a mean in coworking space. Centre for Social Innovation (2010) in the booklet Emergence stresses the importance of relying on a network as a strategy of well operating coworking space. The organizational design is structured on production, distribution, and access of information, all of the members of the space are supposed to learn from each other. It resembles a bit wikipidia model, or open-source software, where all of the interested individual contribute to create and accomplish bigger projects. Coworkers work on individual work assignments, and such an open structure of their work is simply not possible, however, there exists possibility to constantly consult with other and collaborate on each others project. People coexist in a physical space and that aspect is very important. Similarly to government-made horizontal collaboration, coworking spaces have usually flat organizational structure (Bizzarri, 2010), therefore there is no decision makers, all of the decisions are made communally. In some spaces, the governance structure might be rather heterarchycal, and it will have some members overseeing certain aspects of a coworking space, so, for example, there will be a person dealing with administrative side of coworking space operations, there might be a communications person, technical maintenance, cleanliness, etc. However, these positions are not introduced in order to create a hierarchy with some people in power or not, but is done to ensure adequate operations of a space. Many of the changes that are happening in organization theory come from a bigger movement of industrial changes that call for a networked interaction. Wilson (1995) underlines that the geography of a new competitive model is more flexible than mass production and involes creation of netoworks which is so important to innovation diffusion (p. 646). In fact, industrial districts that aggregate small and medium sizes enterprises are perfectly able to compete with large commercial firms (Wilson, 1995). This is due to their network character and sharing resources. Even though those firms might be centred in a given geographical region, they are still open for the global influences. Wilson (1995) mentions endogenous development approach which emphasizes the unique factors of the spatial milieu in which the activity occurs, while at the same time recognising the embeddedness in the larger structures (p. 649). Coworking is a space that does not enclose the members because their work focuses on external environments: clients, companies they work for, families, and friends. It is a system that brings them together and creates a community that shares many things. Coworking is not only about working in a shared space; it has also a social element to it. Endogenous development must include non-economic values a behavioural and socio-psychological change from homo economicus to homo sociales. John Friedman (1988) reflects the same idea when he calls for a transcendence of the division between life space and economic space (Wilson, 1995, p. 650). This is very important for people at coworking spaces. Coworking space is not only a place to work at and collaborate, it is also a place where people become socially involved with each other on a higher level than usual work places. Many coworking spaces have once or twice a week common meals, some of them even introduce that custom daily. This has profound effect on their relations. Addionally, coworking spaces introduce workshops and events that are not targeted at professional development only. They are also open to the community; so for example, they will invite a yoga instructor, or will have workshops on mental health, leadership, good food and living. In some degree, this agrees with Wilson (1995) discussion of regulationist writing that shows that the wage and strength of the union will decrease and more pressure will be focused on human development and less tangible factors than productivity: behaviour, cultural and social changes. In short, it is the beginning of change fr om the mechanistic and deterministic to holistic and interconnected (Wilson, 1995, pp. 653-654). Coworking spaces have this idea embedded in them. They are not workspaces anymore; they are a way of life. Shared beliefs and solidarity Social movements are characterized by the fact that its members share beliefs and a sense of belongingness which is definitely visible in coworking spaces. The boundaries of coworking spaces are not defined by the physical borders of the office, but by the collective identity shared by people who are members, visitors or simply supporters of a coworking space. Diani (2000) describes this aspect as: Collective identity is both a matter of self- and external definition. Actors must define themselves as part of a broader movement and, at the same time, be perceived as such, by those within the same movement, and by opponents and/or external observers. (p. 164) Collective identity helps to define the boundaries of the movement, but does not mean that the movement is homogenous. There is still a plethora of ideas, orientation, opinions, and perspectives in the coworking movement that can come from the shear fact that coworkers come from different occupations and are exposed to different theories, experiences, and perspectives. Citizen Space is one of the first coworking spaces. It was created in San Franscisco by the movement leaders Tara Hunt, Chris Messina and Brad Neuberg. Its website has a section entitled Our Philosophy and it contains Collaboration: One of the great benefits of working in a coworking space is that you will meet all sorts of people with all sorts of knowledge. Openness: We believe in transparency and openness. In a world where people are free, but ideas are not, only a few benefit. When ideas are free, everyone benefits. Therefore, we encourage open spaces and discussions. Sorry, no NDAs allowed.Community: We thrive on connections and mutual support here. It is important that everyone give into as well as benefit from the strong (international) community coworking has become. Accessibility: In order to be fully open, we must make the effort to be accessible to all. This means that we endeavor to create both a financially and a physically accessible space. We are committed to this prin ciple and welcome feedback on how we can make it even more accessible. All of those values are shared between other members of the coworking movement. These are basic principles that spring from the model work that is present in the coworking spaces. Collaboration cannot be closed; it always has an open model. As Wilson (1995) named future innovations as a new sense of purpose and process on a local level (p. 645), this is in fact what joins those people together in a relatively uniform and with minimum conflict. The people that surround the movement are mostly creative workers that are new leaders in todays economy. They are mostly self-employed people, nonprofits, innovation searching individuals who in turn advance urban movements and economies (Schreck, 2006). This class of people, knowledge creators, Florida (2003) calls the creative class. They drive innovation and current global economic growth trends (Hibbert, Kimble, White, 2010). They are employed in many professions, but their main purpose is to create new ideas, technology and creative cont ent. In addition to changing the landscape of the economy, knowledge creators seek new ways to configure their work environment to promote individuality and allow for more flexibility. They demand the autonomy of working anywhere and the social interaction of a traditional office. (Hibbert, Kimble, White, 2010, p. 43) In general, it is the members of creative class who are the most prone to join the coworking movement. Additionally there is a degree of entrepreneurship present in coworking spaces. A lot of members are entrepreneurs, some of them focus on social change. It was the most visible in Hub Amsterdam where the wall of members highlighted the social change focus of its members. Coworking itself is entrepreneurial initiative, and therefore it characterizes its members. Diani (2000) puts a pressure on the entrepreneurial aspects of social movements by citing Gusfield (1981): Social movements condition and help constitute new orientations on existing issues, in so far as they contribute to the existence of a vocabulary and an opening of ideas and actions which in the past was either unknown of unthinkable (Gusfield, 1981, p. 325 cited in Diani, 2000, p. 9) Conclusion Paragraph of this section Collective action on conflitual issues Diani (2000) finds that all four theories share also an aspect of collective action on conflictual issues. He writes: Social movement actors are engaged in political and /or cultural conflicts, meant to promote or propose social change either at the systemic or non-systemic level (Diani, 2000, p. 166) This factor consists of two parts: collective action and conflictual issues and theorists differ in what exactly this means. Some theorists put a specific emphasis on conflict situation as a fundamental element of the concept (Turaine, Melucci, Tilly). Other look at the social movement as leading to social change and that is, according to them, the main aspect of the concept (Turner and Killian, McCarthy and Zald, Pickvance and Castells). There is a number of ways we can understand conflict. It can be a conflict on political, social, or cultural sphere, but it does not necessarily have to engage in an open conflict, protests, and active dispute at the systemic level. It might be also conflict with political decision makers, civil rights dispute, etc., but Diani (2000) also mentions: Several authors maintain that the true bulk of social movement experience has to be found in the cultural sphere; what is challenged is not only the uneven distribution of power and/or economic goods, but socially shared meaning s as well, that is the ways of defining and interpreting reality. Social movements tend to focus more and more on self-transformation. (p. 165) Therefore, social movements focus as well on conflicts that arise in a private sphere, on the individual level. It attacks the way we think about ourselves, our self-definition, and lifestyle choices. The second part of the actor is collective action which can be understood as some sort of activity that leads to achievement of a goal or a set of goals by more than one person, in this case, a social movement. Diani (2000) does not address the issue whether the activity should be overt and proclaimed. Dormant social movements might not actively engage in open collective action, but might affect individuals in a more covert way, similarly to how Pickvance (2003) describes the effects of urban social movements. This might not be an issue for Diani (2000) however; some caution will be taken when a favourable judgement is granted in the absence of full evidence. In regards to conflict and collective action, coworking as a social movement has not, in some degree, openly proc

Religious Wars Essay -- history

Religious Wars Religion has played a key role in wars and death. Religion is the basis of belief for humans, it is a belief that there is a higher being that watches over us guiding us, a belief that there is life after death and if we follow these beliefs we shall enter heaven the most beautiful place. However religion has also played a role in wars, religious conflicts in Ireland (Protestants and Catholics). Israelis and Arabs (Holy Land) and the Holy Crusades of the eleventh century (recapturing the Holy Land). In Israel Jews and Arabs have been in conflict for hundreds of years because they both share religious grounds in Israel. Since the founding of Israel in 1948 there has been continuous conflict between Israel and Arab states. This conflict has been marked by six bloody wars. On both sides, religion has again and again brought the peace process to the brink of annihilation. The first spark between the two sides started in Hebron, the site of the tombs of patriarchs, building sacred to both Jews and Arabs. Early in 1994 Baruch Goldstein, a religious Jew, opened fire and killed thirty nine Arabs while at prayer. In response to the Hebron killings, two Arab suicide bombers blew up Jewish buses in northern and central Israel. Fifteen died and seventy were injured (Peres 1995 p.177-178). There are still wars going on today, Israel against Palestine The Crusades were medieval military expeditions undertaken by European Christians to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims (Collins new English Dictionary 1997). The word crusade is taken from the Latin word crux (cross) this is a reference to the biblical injunction that Christians carry their cross. Crusaders wore a red cloth that was sewn on their tunics to show that they took on the cross and were soldiers of Christ (Runciman, Steven, A history of the Crusades, 3 vols 1951-1954; Rep 1987). The causes of the crusades were many and complex but religion was the main factor. It was regarded as justifiable war, because it was fought to recapture the places sacred to Christians. Charlemagne he made his wars of aggression definitely religious wars. All the world of north-western Europe, which is now Great Britain, France, Germany, Denmark, and Norway and Sweden, was in the ninth century an arena of bitter conflict between the old faith and the new. Nations were converted to Christianity by the... ... will stop the religious conflicts is to dream, for as long as humans have walked the earth and believed in a higher being. Conflicts have come from everywhere; people try to convert others the Black Robes in New France (Canada) who tried to convert the Algonquians from Animalism, Indians and Black Robes died because of that. Religious conflicts have been everywhere and they are still around if only we could learn that difference is good, to learn together and to work together. In conclusion I am not an atheist I just feel that humans feel to strongly about that higher being which we have never seen before, but are so willing to kill and die for it. References Collins, 1997, New English Dictionary Collier & Son. P. F. 1913 History of Nations vol.12. Ireland-Scotland Peres, Shimon. 1995. The New Middle East. New York: Henry Holt and Company Wells, H.G. 1949. The Outline of History .1. U.S.A: Doubleday & Company Wells, H.G. 1925. The Outline of History vol.3. Fourth Edition Revised. U.S.A: Review of Reviews Company Washington Post.1998 Washington Post Internet: www.washingtonpost.com Runciman, Steven. 1951-1954 Rep; 1987 A History of The Crusades 3 vols

To show how Charles Dickens presents Good and Evil characters Essay

To show how Charles Dickens presents Good and Evil characters In the beginning of the Victorian period many children (orphans) were forced to turn to crime mainly because the children in the workhouse were mistreated and abused. Another reason is many people were migrating, which resulted to a growth in the population, which left many children homeless. Charles Dickens has based his novel, 'Oliver Twist' on this. He compares Oliver with what life was like for boys in the 18th Century. Throughout the story Oliver encounters many evil characters and a few virtuous characters. The evil characters try to persuade him to lead the life of crime while as the good characters save him and enable Oliver and the reader to learn that a life of crime does not pay. Charles Dickens uses the novel to criticise how children during Victorian times were forced to turn to crime when laws did not protect them. Dickens main character, Oliver, is presented as the 'hero' of the story; he learns that goodness triumphs over evil. The incident in the story where Oliver's goodness is shown is when Bill Sikes forces him to rob Rose Maylie's house: "Despite the threat, Oliver decided to warn the people in the house" Even though Oliver is threatened to act out this evil deed, he chooses to do the right thing by warning the owners of the house and risking his own life. In doing so, Dickens shows that Oliver is a good character through the choices Oliver makes. Charles Dickens presents Mr Bumble as an evil character. At the start of the story Dickens describes him as a "fat healthy man". While as all the orphans are being starved, he is never going without. When Oliver asks for more food, Mr Bumble: "Aimed a blow at Oliver'... ...liver (Monks was another member of the gang) and began to weep saying: 'Please miss, don't come to any harm! I'd give my own life to save him. Honest I would!' Dickens has tried to emphasise the fact that in the Victorian Times there weren't very strict laws, which meant there were a lot of very bad people round at that time, but still some good left, and even though Nancy was around very dangerous people she was a good person at heart (that's why you have the proverb, 'don't judge a book by its cover!). It also illustrates how good Nancy was, for her to tell Rose everything, she must have been a very brave soul and must have loved Oliver dearly to do such a kind thing. She knew Oliver didn't deserved a better life ad didn't need to be pulled into a life as insecure as her own. Dickens presents Nancy as a good person through her emotions and actions.

Adolf Hitler Leadership Case Study

Adolf Hitler’s leadership style cannot be narrowed down to one.   While he was a dictator who adopted a commanding style that sought tight control even if it created dissension among   his army of generals, he also showed an uncanny ability to sense   people’s inner workings   and concerns.This worked to his advantage and added to the compelling nature of his personality which stirred his followers to support and be loyal to him. A pedantic military strategist who attacked his enemies and even his own allies from within, Adolf Hitler was one who exhausted all means, notably violence and mass extermination of races, to further his goals.For him, the all-consuming end of expanding and transforming Germany into a world power   clouded his vision of   other matters which he deemed inferior.   That Hitler was fanatical in a viciously evil kind of way does not diminish the fact that he was a great strategist and leader who left an indelible imprint on other worl d leaders.The way he formed alliances, his unstoppable will to conquer and reinforce his logistics and methods for waging war, and the unrelenting spirit he displayed even when defeat was imminent all point to how tenacious Hitler was in overcoming obstacles to his overarching goal of world domination.Yet despite his sharp memory, keen attention for detail, and strong leadership traits, Adolf Hitler did have some weaknesses, notably an impatience for individuals with weak or retreating, unfocused character, and some rash decision-making.â€Å"He presents himself to the viewer with considerable dignity and complacency†¦ But this respectability overlaid an obviously unstable temperament marked by a propensity for impulsive decisions† (Fest, 1974, p. 16).Nonetheless, he displayed a singlehanded focus revolving around an expansionist subjugation of other nations to assert Germany’s dominance, and he manifested a consistent unbending policy of warfare towards attaining this end. In the end, this may have been a major factor that led to his eventual downfall. Indeed, despite his all-consuming thirst for absolute power and personal flaws and oversights, no other great leader has perhaps shaped world history in a colossal manner the way Adolf Hitler did.Mission & Vision StatementsAdolf Hitler’s mission statement was to establish allies, fortify his troops and launch an all-out offensive against those who would get in his way of shaping the destiny of Germany – by propelling it to great stature and letting it emerge as a world power.The vision statement was to command obedience and unwavering loyalty and support from followers and the entire citizenry because only Adolf Hitler could handle Germany’s unique problems. The citizenry was called upon to take a stand in the transformation of a new nation.Hitler prevailed upon the masses, who were swayed by his eloquent speech and charismatic leadership, and impressed on them that he wa s the answer to Germany’s socio-economic ills and that he wielded the power to reunite Germany and make it rise above its impoverished state.Main IssueThe main issue of this leadership case study is that notwithstanding his despotic character, Adolf Hitler was a skillful and compelling leader who moved the masses.He honed his political decision-making process with such impetus that it â€Å"laid the foundation for World War II† (Braunbeck, 1997, p. 5).   Though he advocated a fierce and inhuman kind of nationalism, he evoked an unyielding stance and a resolute view to achieve his goal.He totally believed that â€Å"only he had the vision, the will-power, the combination of military and political, political and `world-historical’ insight†¦ to restore the lost German empire to her greatness† (Braunbeck, 1997, p. 9).Environmental AnalysisIn the early 1930s, the era when Adolf Hitler rose to power as Chancellor of Germany, the German empire was saddled with socio-economic problems and the political machinery was on the brink of chaos. The situation clearly called for a leader with an iron fist, but then â€Å"President von Hindendburg stubbornly resisted offering the chancellorship to Adolf Hitler, a volatile political upstart whose followers were considered†¦ coarse, violent and undisciplined† (â€Å"Hartwick Classic Leadership Cases,† 2001, p. 1).The ensuing events illustrated that even if the odds were not in his favor, Hitler had utilized every means and power, including political conspiracy, to ascend to the highest office.   The circumstances he figured in and the way he used these to his advantage ensured that he remained his in much sought-after position. As noted in the Hartwick Leadership Cases:By the late thirties, Hitler was the commanding figure in Europe, possibly the most   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   powerful political figure in the world. The renewal of full employment in Germany   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   subdued domestic opposition to Nazism†¦ Hitler was, quintessentially, a charismatic   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   leader. He inspired awe, devotion, loyalty, and obedience in an ever-increasing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   portion of the German population† (2001, p. 2).It will be noted that one of Adolf Hitler’s self-confessed capabilities which helped him accomplish his ends â€Å"was the ability to judge men†¦ what sort, how he could best be used† (Schramm, 2007, p. 32). He also rode with the prevailing public outlook and opinions. Hitler harnessed the â€Å"awesome power he achieved over the German people†¦to attain his political goals† (Braunbeck, 1997, p. 6).The events in Germany during the period he ascended to the highest office, his way with people, and the personal magnetism he inspired among the masses whose gripes and sentiments he played on all worked together to set the stage for a leadership that thri ved with terrorism and a well-oiled propagandist machinery, on one hand, and a â€Å"feeling for order, rules and respectability† (Fest, 1974, p. 14) on the other.Key StrengthsOne of Adolf Hitler’s major strengths was â€Å"his uncanny ability to appeal to the subconscious and irrational needs of his audience and (ability) to solicit the desired response† (Braunbeck, 1997, p. 7).By audience we may refer not just to the masses who listened to him speak with conviction and fervor but to the generals and other members of his troops. Hitler displayed strong oratorical skills that greatly helped him win favor with the masses. At the same time, his speeches reflected his racial ideologies, like when he expressed in one instance:We are socialists, we are enemies of today's capitalistic economic system for the exploitation of the economically weak, with its unfair salaries, with its unseemly   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   evaluation of a human being according to wealth and pr operty instead of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   responsibility and performance, and we are all determined to destroy this system   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   under all conditions (Toland, 1976, p. 306).During trying circumstances, his perseverance worked to his advantage too, although there came a point when his all-out offensives to conquer turned out futile.As a military strategist, Hitler displayed that he can be quite knowledgeable.   â€Å"However, as his success continued to mount, he became more and more involved in the intricacies of battlefield tactics and strategy† (Braunbeck, 1997, p. 5) but tended to be over focused on the caliber of a weapon, technical capacity and speed of warships, and what may be expected of fortification lines.WeaknessesThat Hitler has a flawed personality is something just about everyone acknowledged. History recounts how Adolf Hitler was given to angry outbursts and uncontrolled rage, especially when he felt that people questioned his authority.   He restricted, rather than provided, the freedom of subordinate commanders to rely on their own judgment when a sudden crisis occurred.   He had to have a say on the matter.As far as his early experience in running state matters was concerned, Hitler displayed â€Å"complete unfamiliarity with the daily workings of government† (Schramm, 2007, p. 57).As a commanding leader in the battlefield, Hitler adopted a rigid stance.   For him, his â€Å"troops should never be given occasion for uncertainty by offering them the option to retreat† (Schramm, 2007, p. 108).Hitler was unbending in his ways, and insisted on doing things his way to the point of not consulting his generals, and in the process he made some blunders, like mounting an offensive against countries that were stronger than   Germany.Hitler is a clear-cut illustration of a study in contrast, because while he relentlessly sought to cultivate allies from other countries and acq uiesced to harmonizing relations with powerful countries like the US, he was too devious and consumed with desire to conquer that he strained such international relations.OpportunitiesHitler wielded great power and accomplished one of the things he aspired for Germany – lebensraum or more living space, using the opportunities for learning and politicking that being in power presented.Hitler had vast opportunities to shape a nation’s destiny and bequeath a lasting legacy, but his thirst for power so consumed him that it led to his ultimate downfall, leaving behind no contribution in the material or moral sense.Being a master manipulator, he was able to gain concessions from ranking officials of powerful countries and he scored some diplomatic victories, but he himself negated any headway he made in this aspect.   In short, Hitler wasted many opportunities that came his way, with the exemption of the opportunities that brought him to power.ThreatsHitler encountered opp osition within and outside the totalitarian state he established that were potential threats to his reign but their divisiveness did not create any real impediment.In the arena of international politics, there were countries that refused to have an alliance with Germany, thereby posing a threat to the actualization of his expansionist goals. Hitler also encountered some other challenges.   Economic problems became widely felt in Germany in the late 1930s, prompting Hitler forced to order, albeit hesitatingly, major defense cuts.AlternativesOn hindsight, Adolf Hitler, deranged as he may be, had actually let many opportunities and alternatives to running Germany in a way that many generations down the line would have been able to acknowledge with pride, pass him by.â€Å"Throughout his entire life, and particularly since the First World War, Hitler was dominated by a strong feeling of comradeship, loyalty and gratitude with the men who†¦had been faithful and devoted comradesâ €  (Schramm, 2007, p. 33) and he inspired confidence in his men even when the situation turned hopeless.He could have utilized people faith in his abilities to further rebuild Germany and leave behind something lasting.   Instead, what he left was an imprint of a leader who was like no other.ReferencesBraunbeck Jr., P. (1997). A military leadership analysis of Adolf Hitler. Thesis. Air Command and Staff College. Retrieved November 30, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/acsc/97-0609h.pdf.

Legal Aspects of Education

The secretary of education in the past William Bennett implemented thorough analysis of the issue concerning the reasons why present educations scheme is not successful for students, and the measures that could be taken to boost educational presentation and protect the finances. He specified several unlawful associations which are worse in the US. It is contradictory to really productive education law. It places its own priorities, not the students' on the first place. It has deplored so greatly about the profession of a teacher that it made numerous persons to refuse from the connecting their lives with teaching profession.According to Bennett, the too much legalization of learning system is restraining daring, inventive people who want to hold the accountability and to acknowledge the result. I completely agree with Mr. Bennett that the law simply does not implement its real function. Instead of letting students feel more self-assured and protected it really can prevent good and pe rspective educators from penetrating school system. Certainly separate individuals really must be removed from teaching however according to Bennett some of such restrictions will be unavoidably â€Å"slipped around† and this will not help to protect students.I suggest that modification-oriented teachers and socio- lawful researchers with sufficient information of learning principle and the function of regulation in communal restructure should consider both its empirical restrictions and speculative positive sides. I agree that the researches should and must actively participate in process of change and it is essential to know on time about the law actions that can protect students’ and teachers’ rights and finish the crisis in the system of education.

Compare three stories of suspense Essay

It tells the story of a man on a steam liner who unintentionally falls overboard whilst he is alone on the deck of the ship. This story, unlike the others, is written in the third person. This doesn’t greatly impinge on the whole impact of the story although it might be easier to envision yourself in the man’s position if it was written in the first person; it would cause the reader to be more familiar with the story. However, reading a story in the third person can occasionally help you look upon the event more visibly because you are looking at the story happening in your mind when you are reading. The technique of writing in the third person in this story has worked to its advantage since it has done just that. When reading â€Å"Man Overboard†, I detected that Churchill supplied a lot of information about the locale of the story so I was able to create a very vivid image in my mind of the story. I felt I could see the story happening. This story is written in prose but contains elements of verse, like â€Å"Frankenstein†. Verse in â€Å"Man Overboard† is used to show that there are parts of a song being sung during the story and that everybody else on the ship is occupied with singing the song whilst the man is in the water. This isolates the man from the rest of the people making it seem that there is little chance that he will be rescued. It shows he is alone and that no one has noticed what has happened to him, which creates a strong feeling of fear and death. If this story were to be made into a film, I can imagine the song haunting the background of the scene where he is shouting for help. The song plays a very important part in the story: it is what causes the death of the man because it is the barrier between him and the rest of the people on board. The characters in each story are men and in â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"Man Overboard† they remain nameless. I think this is either to create a mysterious atmosphere where the reader is wondering their name or because they haven’t lived to tell their story to anyone human. I think that if the men were both named in â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"Man Overboard†, the stories may have been more memorable because there would have been a name people could talk about to go with the story. It makes the men look more unfortunate if they don’t have names because it showed that maybe they didn’t use them because they didn’t come into contact with many people. Both of the men didn’t encounter another human in the stories so they weren’t able to use their names either, for example, in conversation. Frankenstein and the man in â€Å"The Raven† are quite similar in the fact that they are both mentally affected by what they have been through in the story. The only character with an evident history is Frankenstein. This is because the story of â€Å"Frankenstein† is a novel and novels supply many details concerning the history of events, plots and characters. Frankenstein had a stable childhood. He was loved and admired by his parents. He was their â€Å"plaything and idol†. From the quality of his childhood, it seemed there would be a fortunate and successful life in store for Frankenstein but things change as he is ‘punished for offending naturei. We are first introduced to Frankenstein in Walton’s letters in the prologue. Walton is very curious about this â€Å"man in so wretched a condition† whom he has taken on board his vessel. This makes the reader wonder what this man has been through and why he is ill because it is evident he has experienced a lot. Small hints of Frankenstein’s story are given away by his actions described by Walton in the letters. â€Å"He is continually on deck, apparently watching for the sledge that preceded his† and he â€Å"seeks one who fled from him†. Walton and his men on board are very curious about Frankenstein and the reader would be building up the same feelings here too, especially as Frankenstein wants to tell his story. He has the urge to tell someone what he has been through. The reader would believe that if he has the urge to tell the story, it must be good. This is the same with Poe’s characters. The man in â€Å"The Raven† wants to tell his story. He includes every detail of how he felt, what happened and what he were thinking about. This helps the reader to fully understand what is happening in the story so they can begin to imagine exactly what the character experienced. Poe wrote every verse containing as much detail as possible to make sure the reader would perceive a very vivid image of the story. For example, in verse two, the last two full lines say â€Å"From my books surcease of sorrow – sorrow for the lost Lenore, For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore†. We learn three things from these two lines that are important in the plot. The man feels sorrowful because he has lost someone named Lenore whom he must love because he describes her as â€Å"rare and radiant† and he is trying to distract himself from his melancholy feelings by reading his book. In â€Å"Man Overboard† the first thing we are told is about the man is that â€Å"It was little after half-past nine when he fell overboard†. This removes most suspense from the story because you know what happens in the middle and you could start to think about the ending from the very first sentence. However, it could make a reader curious as to why he fell over board and so they would be eager to read on. We don’t learn much about the man during the story because things happen so fast. We know he was liked by the other passengers because â€Å"he had been listening to the music and joining in the songs† before he went out on deck and he is heading to India on the mail steamer. From the way he is written about I think the man enjoyed being alone. He is very nostalgic and reflective and maybe this is why he was so vulnerable in the event that followed and gave up easily. The settings of â€Å"Man Overboard† and the prologue of â€Å"Frankensteini ‘ are very similar. They are set in the ocean. This part of â€Å"Frankenstein† is set in the Arctic, which is a place many people had no knowledge of or had explored in the nineteenth century. â€Å"Man Overboard† is set in the Red Sea. This creates a completely different mood to â€Å"Frankenstein† but still contains a feeling of danger in that there is no one near-by. Setting a story in a desolate location creates a feeling of uncertainty and adventure and the feeling that anything could happen because the place is unfamiliar. If a place were far from populated land, it would make it harder to survive if anything went wrong and it is known that in the sea things can sink and people can drown very easily. Phrases used to describe a sense of place in the Arctic such as â€Å"stiff gales†, â€Å"floating sheets of ice indicating the dangers of the region†, and â€Å"many hundred miles from any land† make it sound a very dangerous place. Many people hadn’t experienced the environment of such a place during the time Shelley wrote â€Å"Frankenstein† which made it harder to imagine and therefore more frightening. It would be more frightening to someone reading this one hundred years ago because they would have less knowledge of the world surrounding them. The way the setting in â€Å"Man Overboard† is described is a contrast to this image of the Arctic. The Red Sea is said to be â€Å"warm† and the surfaces of the water are â€Å"still† but there is one sentence that makes me think of the ocean as a more horrific thing. When it says, â€Å"The mail steamer was hurrying through the Red Sea in the hope of making up the time which the currents of the Indian Ocean had stolen† it made me think that if the ocean could steal time, then it could be capable of stealing life. That sentence contains a very powerful metaphor that adds a slight amount of suspense to the otherwise calm settings being described. The moon adds a lot of atmosphere to the setting. Where the moon is hidden behind the clouds in the beginning, it suggests that it will be harder to notice the man falling overboard because there is less light. The moon and clear sky reflect the man’s emotions in the beginning. The man is calm when the atmosphere is calm. When the moon comes out from behind the clouds at the end when the shark is moving towards the man, it reinforces that God had heard his appeal and sheds light on the man’s last moments. Churchill probably created a calm atmosphere to make the event of the man falling overboard more dramatic because most elements of suspense were removed from the plot in the first line. A contrasting event to the setting it happens in is different to what happens in â€Å"Frankenstein† and â€Å"The Raven† where the horrific parts of those stories are set in bleak, dark, mysterious locations. For example, when Frankenstein creates his being and gives it life for the first time â€Å"it was on a dreary night in November†. This tells us that it was in winter when it was cold, there are no leaves on trees and there is less life to witness this terrible crime that Frankenstein was about to commit. Phrases such as â€Å"the rain pattered dismally against the panes† and â€Å"the candle was nearly burnt out† make the waking of the monster more terrifying because it is dark and stormy. The monster would have been able to attack Frankenstein in the dark without anyone knowing and it would have been harder for him to escape. As a result of the monster’s appearance, Frankenstein fears his own creation even though he doesn’t know him. â€Å"A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. † This prejudice adds to the suspense and the reader would start to wonder about the destiny of the monster and how people will react to him. The monster would definitely be more terrifying to someone reading the story in the nineteenth century because horror was just being introduced for the first time and people would have been shocked at the sound of the appearance of such a creature. Each time Frankenstein meets his creation, the weather is gloomy or stormy. After the monster has murdered Frankenstein’s brother, William, he reveals himself to Frankenstein on the horizon when â€Å"A flash of lightening illuminated the object†. Stormy weather has always been linked with horror stories because many people fear storms. Storms would have been more frightening in the nineteenth century because again, people wouldn’t have known as much about them as scientists do today. The one time when the weather is calm when Frankenstein meets his monster is when the monster tells of his travels. The atmosphere is happier when the monster tells Frankenstein of how he was kind hearted and how he learnt to speak all by himself. It creates a feeling of new life in the setting although it is still set in winter. In â€Å"The Raven†, Poe uses the same ideas of a stereotypical horror setting to match the image of the Raven and how it signified an omen of death in the nineteenth century. Phrases such as â€Å"the air grew denser† make me think of suffocation, which leads to death. This story is set at night and in â€Å"the bleak December† similar to the creation of the monster in Frankenstein. Being alone at night is like being alone in the sea where there are no people to help if you are in trouble. Each story contains lifeless settings to inspire horror in the story by making the characters appear alone and vulnerable. The three stories open very differently because of the different forms they are written in: novel, short story and poem. When Frankenstein begins his story, he starts with his history and talks about his childhood. As his childhood was happy and healthy, the mood of the first three chapters are happy as he talks about the highlights of his childhood, such as Elizabeth, his â€Å"companion†. The opening of this story contradicts the rest of it where normally if someone has a good childhood they go on to lead a successful life. Shelley probably did this to make the events of the story less expected and more upsetting, as Churchill did in â€Å"Man Overboard†. â€Å"Man Overboard†, the short story, opens with the main plot being revealed. I think that making an opening quite short can leave a lot of space for detail in the middle, especially in a short story, which may make the story more effective in the end. The opening of â€Å"The Raven† provides a little history of the character and actually lasts for six verses until the Raven enters in the seventh verse. This builds up a lot of suspense because the entry of the Raven keeps getting delayed because the man is continually trying to guess what is tapping at his door. In verse five there is a lot of suspense built up when it says â€Å"But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,† because there is something at the man’s door but it is not clear what it is. The atmosphere in the opening of â€Å"The Raven† is similar to the atmosphere all the way through the story, unlike â€Å"Man Overboard† and â€Å"Frankenstein†, where the mood of the stories changes more frequently. The characters in the three stories each get disturbed by a being that is not human. This definitely adds a deeper sense of horror to the stories because we have less knowledge of other creatures compared to ourselves so they appear more powerful to us. How frightening a person finds the creature in each story depends on how society perceives the creature at that time, which would directly affect the reader’s opinion. For example, in the nineteenth century when â€Å"The Raven† was written, ravens were considered as a very significant omen of death. The public feared the dark and sinister presence of ravens because they were thought to be present only at times of death. I remember watching a film set in the late nineteenth century in which there was a funeral and burial scene. In the corner of the screen sat perched in a tree there was a raven looking down on the event. It was almost as if the raven were watching the consequences of his presence. The man in â€Å"The Raven† believes that the raven that has visited him is an omen of death because it calls it a â€Å"prophet, thing of evil, devil† and enquires to whether the â€Å"Tempter† sent it, which means he thinks either God or the Devil has sent it. He also enquires about his destiny and if he will meet Lenore again. He believes the raven has the power to know all. In â€Å"Frankenstein†, Shelley also talks of the Devil and compares Frankenstein’s creation to â€Å"a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived†.

Get Your Head In The Game Essay

When in high school, one of the most memorable things to do is go to the games, attend homecoming, or the pep rallies every semester. One thing they all have in common is that they are tied to sports. High school sports are an important part of children’s lives whether they are the ones attending the game or the one playing in it. A few years ago, Solano County tried to cut sports programs because there was no room in the budget for it. The community reacted by spending their whole summer raising money in any way they could by selling things to standing outside of the mall collecting donations with the fire department. High school sports programs are important and should not be on the list of school cuts. One of the first reasons high school sports programs should not be cut is that it keeps kids active and in a safe environment during non-school hours. According to the American Diabetes Association, the national website and organization for diabetes information, one in every four hundred kids under the age of twenty are diagnosed with diabetes (Diabetes Statistics). Type I diabetes is unpreventable but type II diabetes can be prevented with a healthy diet and plenty of exercise, which after school sports programs help with to eliminate. If high school sports were to be cut, more and more children would be home sitting around watching television or eating unhealthy. School sports also ensure that children will eat healthier. When trying to get fit for their sport season, kids will eat better to keep up with everyone else and stay in shape. Being a part of a sports program also keeps kids out of trouble because it gives them a place to go and something to do during non-school hours. Angela Shackleford, a high school booster parent, said that cutting sports would â€Å"eliminate clean criminal records, mentors, and livelihoods†. Without a place to go after school, kids may do other things to entertain themselves, including things that may get them in trouble. Another reason is that school sports can also be a stepping stone for many kids to go to college. As tuition rises over time, the ability to pay for college decreases. Many high school athletes use this as a stepping stone in becoming a college athlete. It may be the only means for some kids to pay for college, and to cut high school sports is like cutting a child’s path to college. Shackleford also mentioned that â€Å"some of these kids won’t be able to go to college if they don’t have these scholarships† (Debolt). Being on a team also gives children a sense of unity. They learn how to be a part of a team and work with and get along with people they may or may not like which is a skill they will carry throughout their life. That is another important skill they will take with them when they do go onto college or their future careers. There are more positive reasons than negative reasons to keeping high school sports programs. Although it does cause injury sometimes, children can get hurt anywhere doing anything. It teaches children how to work as a group and rely on one another, it gives them a place to go after school hours and keeps them in shape, and especially can help them get into a college. The reason why so many people in the community, from the fire department to parents, helped raise money to keep these programs available is because they realize how important it is to keep these programs running for the kids.